1 Study Coverage
1.1 Photocouplers Product Introduction
1.2 Global Photocouplers Outlook 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
1.2.1 Global Photocouplers Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2025-2031
1.2.2 Global Photocouplers Sales in Volume for the Year 2025-2031
1.3 United States Photocouplers Outlook 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
1.3.1 United States Photocouplers Sales in US$ Million for the Year 2025-2031
1.3.2 United States Photocouplers Sales in Volume for the Year 2025-2031
1.4 Photocouplers Market Size, United States VS Global, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
1.4.1 The Market Share of United States Photocouplers in Global, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
1.4.2 The Growth Rate of Photocouplers Market Size, United States VS Global, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
1.5 Photocouplers Market Dynamics
1.5.1 Photocouplers Industry Trends
1.5.2 Photocouplers Market Drivers
1.5.3 Photocouplers Market Challenges
1.5.4 Photocouplers Market Restraints
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
2 Market by Type
2.1 Photocouplers Market Segment by Type
2.1.1 Above 20 V and Below 80 V
2.1.2 Above 100 V and Below 200 V
2.1.3 Above 200 V and Below 350 V
2.1.4 Above 350 V
2.2 Global Photocouplers Market Size by Type
2.2.1 Global Photocouplers Sales in Value, by Type (2021, 2025 & 2031)
2.2.2 Global Photocouplers Sales in Volume, by Type (2021, 2025 & 2031)
2.2.3 Global Photocouplers Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2021, 2025 & 2031)
2.3 United States Photocouplers Market Size by Type
2.3.1 United States Photocouplers Sales in Value, by Type (2021, 2025 & 2031)
2.3.2 United States Photocouplers Sales in Volume, by Type (2021, 2025 & 2031)
2.3.3 United States Photocouplers Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2021, 2025 & 2031)
3 Market by Application
3.1 Photocouplers Market Segment by Application
3.1.1 EV and Power Storage System
3.1.2 Semiconductor Testing
3.1.3 Telecommunication
3.1.4 Medical and Military
3.1.5 Industrial Control and Security Device
3.1.6 Others
3.2 Global Photocouplers Market Size by Application
3.2.1 Global Photocouplers Sales in Value, by Application (2021, 2025 & 2031)
3.2.2 Global Photocouplers Sales in Volume, by Application (2021, 2025 & 2031)
3.3.3 Global Photocouplers Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2021, 2025 & 2031)
3.3 United States Photocouplers Market Size by Application
3.3.1 United States Photocouplers Sales in Value, by Application (2021, 2025 & 2031)
3.3.2 United States Photocouplers Sales in Volume, by Application (2021, 2025 & 2031)
3.3.3 United States Photocouplers Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2021, 2025 & 2031)
4 Global Photocouplers Competitor Landscape by Company
4.1 Global Photocouplers Market Size by Company
4.1.1 Top Global Photocouplers Manufacturers Ranked by Revenue (2025)
4.1.2 Global Photocouplers Revenue by Manufacturer (2021-2025)
4.1.3 Global Photocouplers Sales by Manufacturer (2021-2025)
4.1.4 Global Photocouplers Price by Manufacturer (2021-2025)
4.2 Global Photocouplers Concentration Ratio (CR)
4.2.1 Photocouplers Market Concentration Ratio (CR) (2021-2025)
4.2.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Manufacturers of Photocouplers in 2021
4.2.3 Global Photocouplers Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
4.3 Global Photocouplers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Type
4.3.1 Global Photocouplers Manufacturers, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region
4.3.2 Manufacturers Photocouplers Product Type
4.3.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Photocouplers Market
4.4 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4.5 United States Photocouplers Market Size by Company
4.5.1 Top Photocouplers Players in United States, Ranked by Revenue (2025)
4.5.2 United States Photocouplers Revenue by Players (2023, 2024 & 2025)
4.5.3 United States Photocouplers Sales by Players (2023, 2024 & 2025)
5 Global Photocouplers Market Size by Region
5.1 Global Photocouplers Market Size by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
5.2 Global Photocouplers Market Size in Volume by Region (2025-2031)
5.2.1 Global Photocouplers Sales in Volume by Region: 2021-2025
5.2.2 Global Photocouplers Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2025-2031)
5.3 Global Photocouplers Market Size in Value by Region (2025-2031)
5.3.1 Global Photocouplers Sales in Value by Region: 2021-2025
5.3.2 Global Photocouplers Sales in Value by Region: 2025-2031
6 Segment in Region Level & Country Level
6.1 North America
6.1.1 North America Photocouplers Market Size YoY Growth 2025-2031
6.1.2 North America Photocouplers Market Facts & Figures by Country (2021, 2025 & 2031)
6.1.3 United States
6.1.4 Canada
6.2 Asia-Pacific
6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Photocouplers Market Size YoY Growth 2025-2031
6.2.2 Asia-Pacific Photocouplers Market Facts & Figures by Region (2021, 2025 & 2031)
6.2.3 China
6.2.4 Japan
6.2.5 South Korea
6.2.6 India
6.2.7 Australia
6.2.8 China Taiwan
6.2.9 Indonesia
6.2.10 Thailand
6.2.11 Malaysia
6.3 Europe
6.3.1 Europe Photocouplers Market Size YoY Growth 2025-2031
6.3.2 Europe Photocouplers Market Facts & Figures by Country (2021, 2025 & 2031)
6.3.3 Germany
6.3.4 France
6.3.5 U.K.
6.3.6 Italy
6.3.7 Russia
6.4 Latin America
6.4.1 Latin America Photocouplers Market Size YoY Growth 2025-2031
6.4.2 Latin America Photocouplers Market Facts & Figures by Country (2021, 2025 & 2031)
6.4.3 Mexico
6.4.4 Brazil
6.4.5 Argentina
6.5 Middle East and Africa
6.5.1 Middle East and Africa Photocouplers Market Size YoY Growth 2025-2031
6.5.2 Middle East and Africa Photocouplers Market Facts & Figures by Country (2021, 2025 & 2031)
6.5.3 Turkey
6.5.4 Saudi Arabia
6.5.5 UAE
7 Company Profiles
7.1 Panasonic
7.1.1 Panasonic Corporation Information
7.1.2 Panasonic Description and Business Overview
7.1.3 Panasonic Photocouplers Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
7.1.4 Panasonic Photocouplers Products Offered
7.1.5 Panasonic Recent Development
7.2 OMRON
7.2.1 OMRON Corporation Information
7.2.2 OMRON Description and Business Overview
7.2.3 OMRON Photocouplers Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
7.2.4 OMRON Photocouplers Products Offered
7.2.5 OMRON Recent Development
7.3 Toshiba
7.3.1 Toshiba Corporation Information
7.3.2 Toshiba Description and Business Overview
7.3.3 Toshiba Photocouplers Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
7.3.4 Toshiba Photocouplers Products Offered
7.3.5 Toshiba Recent Development
7.4 NEC
7.4.1 NEC Corporation Information
7.4.2 NEC Description and Business Overview
7.4.3 NEC Photocouplers Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
7.4.4 NEC Photocouplers Products Offered
7.4.5 NEC Recent Development
7.5 IXYS
7.5.1 IXYS Corporation Information
7.5.2 IXYS Description and Business Overview
7.5.3 IXYS Photocouplers Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
7.5.4 IXYS Photocouplers Products Offered
7.5.5 IXYS Recent Development
7.6 BRIGHT TOWARD
7.6.1 BRIGHT TOWARD Corporation Information
7.6.2 BRIGHT TOWARD Description and Business Overview
7.6.3 BRIGHT TOWARD Photocouplers Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
7.6.4 BRIGHT TOWARD Photocouplers Products Offered
7.6.5 BRIGHT TOWARD Recent Development
7.7 COSMO Electronics
7.7.1 COSMO Electronics Corporation Information
7.7.2 COSMO Electronics Description and Business Overview
7.7.3 COSMO Electronics Photocouplers Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
7.7.4 COSMO Electronics Photocouplers Products Offered
7.7.5 COSMO Electronics Recent Development
7.8 Okita Works
7.8.1 Okita Works Corporation Information
7.8.2 Okita Works Description and Business Overview
7.8.3 Okita Works Photocouplers Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
7.8.4 Okita Works Photocouplers Products Offered
7.8.5 Okita Works Recent Development
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Photocouplers Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Photocouplers Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Photocouplers Distributors
8.3 Photocouplers Production Mode & Process
8.4 Photocouplers Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Photocouplers Sales Channels
8.4.2 Photocouplers Distributors
8.5 Photocouplers Customers
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
10.1 Research Methodology
10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
10.1.2 Data Source
10.2 Author Details
10.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables
Table 1. Photocouplers CAGR in Value, United States VS Global, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
Table 2. Photocouplers Market Trends
Table 3. Photocouplers Market Drivers
Table 4. Photocouplers Market Challenges
Table 5. Photocouplers Market Restraints
Table 6. Global Photocouplers Sales by Type: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 7. United States Photocouplers Sales by Type: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global Photocouplers Sales by Application: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 9. United States Photocouplers Sales by Application: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031 (US$ Million)
Table 10. Top Photocouplers Manufacturers in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 11. Global Photocouplers Revenue by Manufacturer, (US$ Million), 2021-2025
Table 12. Global Photocouplers Revenue Share by Manufacturer, 2021-2025
Table 13. Global Photocouplers Sales by Manufacturer, (K Units), 2021-2025
Table 14. Global Photocouplers Sales Share by Manufacturer, 2021-2025
Table 15. Global Photocouplers Price by Manufacturer (2021-2025) & (US$/Unit)
Table 16. Global Photocouplers Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 17. Global Photocouplers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Photocouplers as of 2021)
Table 18. Top Players of Photocouplers in Global Market, Headquarters and Distribution of Producing Region
Table 19. Manufacturers Photocouplers Product Type
Table 20. Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Photocouplers Market
Table 21. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 22. Top Photocouplers Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 23. United States Photocouplers Revenue by Players, (US$ Million), 2023, 2024 & 2025
Table 24. United States Photocouplers Revenue Share by Players, 2023, 2024 & 2025
Table 25. United States Photocouplers Sales by Players, (K Units), 2023, 2024 & 2025
Table 26. United States Photocouplers Sales Share by Players, 2023, 2024 & 2025
Table 27. Global Photocouplers Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
Table 28. Global Photocouplers Sales in Volume by Region (2021-2025) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Photocouplers Sales in Volume Forecast by Region (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Photocouplers Sales in Value by Region (2021-2025) & (US$ Million)
Table 31. Global Photocouplers Sales in Value Forecast by Region (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 32. North America Photocouplers Sales in Volume by Country (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Table 33. North America Photocouplers Sales in Value by Country (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Asia Pacific Photocouplers Sales in Volume by Region (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Table 35. Asia Pacific Photocouplers Sales in Value by Region (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Europe Photocouplers Sales in Volume by Country (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Table 37. Europe Photocouplers Sales in Value by Country (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Latin America Photocouplers Sales in Volume by Country (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Table 39. Latin Americaa Photocouplers Sales in Value by Country (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Middle East and Africa Photocouplers Sales in Volume by Country (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Table 41. Middle East and Africa Photocouplers Sales in Value by Country (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Panasonic Corporation Information
Table 43. Panasonic Description and Business Overview
Table 44. Panasonic Photocouplers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 45. Panasonic Photocouplers Product
Table 46. Panasonic Recent Development
Table 47. OMRON Corporation Information
Table 48. OMRON Description and Business Overview
Table 49. OMRON Photocouplers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 50. OMRON Product
Table 51. OMRON Recent Development
Table 52. Toshiba Corporation Information
Table 53. Toshiba Description and Business Overview
Table 54. Toshiba Photocouplers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 55. Toshiba Product
Table 56. Toshiba Recent Development
Table 57. NEC Corporation Information
Table 58. NEC Description and Business Overview
Table 59. NEC Photocouplers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 60. NEC Product
Table 61. NEC Recent Development
Table 62. IXYS Corporation Information
Table 63. IXYS Description and Business Overview
Table 64. IXYS Photocouplers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 65. IXYS Product
Table 66. IXYS Recent Development
Table 67. BRIGHT TOWARD Corporation Information
Table 68. BRIGHT TOWARD Description and Business Overview
Table 69. BRIGHT TOWARD Photocouplers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 70. BRIGHT TOWARD Product
Table 71. BRIGHT TOWARD Recent Development
Table 72. COSMO Electronics Corporation Information
Table 73. COSMO Electronics Description and Business Overview
Table 74. COSMO Electronics Photocouplers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 75. COSMO Electronics Product
Table 76. COSMO Electronics Recent Development
Table 77. Okita Works Corporation Information
Table 78. Okita Works Description and Business Overview
Table 79. Okita Works Photocouplers Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 80. Okita Works Product
Table 81. Okita Works Recent Development
Table 82. Key Raw Materials Lists
Table 83. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Lists
Table 84. Photocouplers Customers List
Table 85. Photocouplers Distributors List
Table 86. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 87. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 88. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Photocouplers Product Picture
Figure 2. Global Photocouplers Revenue, (US$ Million), 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
Figure 3. Global Photocouplers Market Size 2025-2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 4. Global Photocouplers Sales 2025-2031 (K Units)
Figure 5. United States Photocouplers Revenue, (US$ Million), 2021 VS 2025 VS 2031
Figure 6. United States Photocouplers Market Size 2025-2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 7. United States Photocouplers Sales 2025-2031 (K Units)
Figure 8. United States Photocouplers Market Share in Global, in Value (US$ Million) 2025-2031
Figure 9. United States Photocouplers Market Share in Global, in Volume (K Units) 2025-2031
Figure 10. Photocouplers Report Years Considered
Figure 11. Product Picture of Above 20 V and Below 80 V
Figure 12. Product Picture of Above 100 V and Below 200 V
Figure 13. Product Picture of Above 200 V and Below 350 V
Figure 14. Product Picture of Above 350 V
Figure 15. Global Photocouplers Market Share by Type in 2025 & 2031
Figure 16. Global Photocouplers Sales in Value by Type (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 17. Global Photocouplers Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2025-2031)
Figure 18. Global Photocouplers Sales by Type (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 19. Global Photocouplers Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2025-2031)
Figure 20. Global Photocouplers Price by Type (2025-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 21. United States Photocouplers Market Share by Type in 2025 & 2031
Figure 22. United States Photocouplers Sales in Value by Type (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 23. United States Photocouplers Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2025-2031)
Figure 24. United States Photocouplers Sales by Type (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 25. United States Photocouplers Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2025-2031)
Figure 26. United States Photocouplers Price by Type (2025-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 27. Product Picture of EV and Power Storage System
Figure 28. Product Picture of Semiconductor Testing
Figure 29. Product Picture of Telecommunication
Figure 30. Product Picture of Medical and Military
Figure 31. Product Picture of Industrial Control and Security Device
Figure 32. Product Picture of Others
Figure 33. Global Photocouplers Market Share by Application in 2025 & 2031
Figure 34. Global Photocouplers Sales in Value by Application (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Global Photocouplers Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2025-2031)
Figure 36. Global Photocouplers Sales by Application (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 37. Global Photocouplers Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2025-2031)
Figure 38. Global Photocouplers Price by Application (2025-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 39. United States Photocouplers Market Share by Application in 2025 & 2031
Figure 40. United States Photocouplers Sales in Value by Application (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. United States Photocouplers Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2025-2031)
Figure 42. United States Photocouplers Sales by Application (2025-2031) & (K Units)
Figure 43. United States Photocouplers Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2025-2031)
Figure 44. United States Photocouplers Price by Application (2025-2031) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 45. North America Photocouplers Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2025-2031 (K Units)
Figure 46. North America Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate 2025-2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 47. United States Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. Canada Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Europe Photocouplers Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2025-2031 (K Units)
Figure 50. Europe Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate 2025-2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 51. Germany Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. France Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. U.K. Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Italy Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 55. Russia Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 56. Asia-Pacific Photocouplers Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2025-2031 (K Units)
Figure 57. Asia-Pacific Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate 2025-2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 58. China Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 59. Japan Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 60. South Korea Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 61. India Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 62. Australia Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 63. China Taiwan Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 64. Indonesia Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 65. Thailand Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 66. Malaysia Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 67. Latin America Photocouplers Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2025-2031 (K Units)
Figure 68. Latin America Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate 2025-2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 69. Mexico Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 70. Brazil Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 71. Argentina Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 72. Middle East & Africa Photocouplers Sales in Volume Growth Rate 2025-2031 (K Units)
Figure 73. Middle East & Africa Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate 2025-2031 (US$ Million)
Figure 74. Turkey Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 75. Saudi Arabia Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 76. UAE Photocouplers Sales in Value Growth Rate (2025-2031) & (US$ Million)
Figure 77. Photocouplers Value Chain
Figure 78. Photocouplers Production Process
Figure 79. Channels of Distribution
Figure 80. Distributors Profiles
Figure 81. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 82. Data Triangulation
Figure 83. Key Executives Interviewed

The research methodology employed by VICResearch has been subjected by numerous procedures in order to guarantee the quality and accuracy of the data contained within the reports. The analysts are employed full-time and received more than six months training to satisfy the standard of VICResearch. VICResearch’s methodology can be divided into five stages:

Stage 1: Secondary research
The research team first works with magazines, industry trade group, and administration that operate in the research field. The information provided by our in-house documentation service helps us carrying out further research. Our team which has the experience as well as the knowledge efficiently extracts the accurate information from existing source.

Stage 2: Primary research: interviews with trade sources
After the first stage, the research team conducts large number of face-to-face or telephone interviews with the representative companies operating in the research field. The analysts attempt to obtain a chance to talk with leading players in the field as well as with small companies. The upstream suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, importers, installers, wholesalers and consumers are all included in the interviews. The data gathered during the interview is then carefully checked and compared with the secondary research.

Stage 3: Analysis of the gathered data
The analysis team checks and synthesizes the data gathered during the first two stages. To validate the data, a second series of interviews can be conducted.

Stage 4: Quantitative data
The quantitative data such as market estimates, production and capacity of manufacturer, market forecasts and investment feasibility is provided by VICResearch. The data is based on the estimates obtained during stage 3.
The research team also provides appreciation and analysis of the market and the quantitative data contained in the reports. The data is consequently unique to VICResearch.

Stage 5: Quality control
Before publishing, every report goes under a rigorous checking and editing process, which is done by experience management team to ensure the reliability of the published data. Each analyst in the research team receives support and on-going training which is part of the VICResearch’s internal quality process.