Summary
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Battery Storage Inverter , with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Battery Storage Inverter. This report contains market size and forecasts of Battery Storage Inverter in global, including the following market information:
Global Battery Storage Inverter Market Revenue, 2019-2023, 2024-2029, ($ millions);
Global Battery Storage Inverter Market Sales, 2019-2023, 2024-2029, (K Unites);
Global top Battery Storage Inverter companies in 2023 (%);
The global Battery Storage Inverter market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2023, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million.
The global key manufacturers of Battery Storage Inverter include Dynapower
, SMA
, KACO
,Parker
, etc. in 2023, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.
We surveyed the Battery Storage Inverter manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.
Regional Segmentation (Value; Revenue, USD Million, 2019- 2029) of Battery Storage Inverter Market by VICResearch Include
NorthAmerica
Asia
Europe
Middle East & Africa
South America
Competitive Analysis; Who are the Major Players in Battery Storage Inverter Market?
Dynapower
SMA
KACO
Parker
ABB
GOODWE
Eaton
SUNGROW
CLOU
TRIED
Zhicheng Champion
Major Type of Battery Storage Inverter Covered in VICResearch report:
Single-Phase Electric Power
Three-Phase Electric Power
Application Segments Covered in VICResearch Market
Utility Scale
Commercial
Residential
For any other requirements, please feel free to contact us and we will provide you customized report.
Table of Contents
Global Battery Storage Inverter Market Analysis 2023, With Top Companies, Sales, Revenue, Consumption, Price and Growth Rate
1 Market Scope
1.1 Product Details and Introduction
1.1.1 Single-Phase Electric Power
-Product Introduction and Major Company
1.1.2 Three-Phase Electric Power
-Product Introduction and Major Company
1.2 Market Snapshot
1.2.1 Major Companies Overview
1.2.2 Market Concentration
1.2.3 Five-Year Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
2 Regional Market
2.1 Regional Market Share in Terms of Sales (2019 & 2023 & 2029)
2.2 Regional Market Share in Terms of Revenue (2019 & 2023 & 2029)
2.3 Regional Market Share in Terms of Consumption (2019 & 2023 & 2029)
3 Global Battery Storage Inverter Market Assessment by Type
3.1 Global Battery Storage Inverter Sales by Type (2019-2029)
3.2 Global Battery Storage Inverter Revenue by Type (2019-2029)
3.3 North America Battery Storage Inverter Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2029)
3.4 Asia Battery Storage Inverter Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2029)
3.5 Europe Battery Storage Inverter Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2029)
3.6 Middle East & Africa Battery Storage Inverter Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2029)
3.7 South America Battery Storage Inverter Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2029)
4 Historical & Forecast Global Battery Storage Inverter Market Assessment by Application
4.1 Global Battery Storage Inverter Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2029)
4.2 North America Battery Storage Inverter Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2029)
4.3 Asia Battery Storage Inverter Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2029)
4.4 Europe Battery Storage Inverter Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2029)
4.5 Middle East & Africa Battery Storage Inverter Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2029)
4.6 South America Battery Storage Inverter Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2029)
5 North America
5.1 US Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
5.2 Canada Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
5.3 Mexico Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
6 Asia
6.1 China Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
6.2 Japan Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
6.3 India Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
6.4 Korea Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
6.5 Southeat Asia Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
7 Europe
7.1 Germany Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
7.2 UK Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
7.3 France Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
7.4 Russia Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
7.5 Italy Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
8 Middle East and Africa
8.1 Saudi Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
8.2 UAE Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
8.3 Egypt Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
8.4 Nigeria Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
8.5 South Africa Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
9 South America
9.1 Brazil Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
9.2 Argentina Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
9.3 Colombia Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
10 Global Battery Storage Inverter Average Price Trend
10.1 Market Price for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in North America (2019-2029)
10.2 Market Price for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in Asia (2019-2029)
10.3 Market Price for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in Europe (2019-2029)
10.4 Market Price for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in Middle East & Africa (2019-2029)
10.5 Market Price for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in South America (2019-2029)
11 Value Chain
11.1 Battery Storage Inverter Value Chain Analysis
11.1.1 Upstream
11.1.2 Downstream
11.2 COVID-19 Impact on Battery Storage Inverter Industry
11.2.1 Industrial Policy Issued Under the Epidemic Situation
11.2.2 Post-pandemic Era
11.3 Cost-Under the Epidemic Situation
11.3.1 Cost of Raw Material
11.4 Channel Analysis
11.4.1 Distribution Channel-Under the Epidemic Situation
11.4.2 Distributors
12 Major Players of Global Battery Storage Inverter Market, Competitive Analysis
12.1 Dynapower
12.1.1 Dynapower
Company Profiles and Company News
12.1.2 Dynapower
Product Introduction
12.1.3 Dynapower
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.1.4 SWOT Analysis
12.2 SMA
12.2.1 SMA
Company Profiles and Company News
12.2.2 SMA
Product Introduction
12.2.3 SMA
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.2.4 SWOT Analysis
12.3 KACO
12.3.1 KACO
Company Profiles and Company News
12.3.2 KACO
Product Introduction
12.3.3 KACO
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.3.4 SWOT Analysis
12.4 Parker
12.4.1 Parker
Company Profiles and Company News
12.4.2 Parker
Product Introduction
12.4.3 Parker
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.4.4 SWOT Analysis
12.5 CLOU
12.5.1 ABB
Company Profiles and Company News
12.5.2 ABB
Product Introduction
12.5.3 ABB
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.5.4 SWOT Analysis
12.6 GOODWE
12.6.1 GOODWE
Company Profiles and Company News
12.6.2 GOODWE
Product Introduction
12.6.3 GOODWE
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.6.4 SWOT Analysis
12.7 Eaton
12.7.1 Eaton
Company Profiles and Company News
12.7.2 Eaton
Product Introduction
12.7.3 Eaton
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.7.4 SWOT Analysis
12.8 SUNGROW
12.8.1 SUNGROW
Company Profiles and Company News
12.8.2 SUNGROW
Product Introduction
12.8.3 SUNGROW
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.8.4 SWOT Analysis
12.9 CLOU
12.9.1 CLOU
Company Profiles and Company News
12.9.2 CLOU
Product Introduction
12.9.3 CLOU
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.9.4 SWOT Analysis
12.10 TRIED
12.10.1 TRIED
Company Profiles and Company News
12.10.2 TRIED
Product Introduction
12.10.3 TRIED
Battery Storage Inverter Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.10.4 SWOT Analysis
12.11 Zhicheng Champion
13 Global Battery Storage Inverter Market, Competitive Landscape and Market Forecast
13.1 Key Companies Dominating the Global Battery Storage Inverter Market
13.2 Concentration Ratio (CR5) of Global Battery Storage Inverter Market (2019)
13.2.1 Market Share of Top 5 Players in Term of Revenue (2019)
13.3 Concentration Ratio (CR5) of Global Battery Storage Inverter Market (2023)
13.3.1 Market Share of Top 5 Players in Term of Revenue (2023)
14 Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Introduction
Table Sales (K Units) and Revenue (Million USD) of Major Players (2019-2023)
Figure Global Battery Storage Inverter Sales Market Share of Top 5 Players
Table CAGR of Major Market (2019-2023)
Table CAGR in Terms of Sales of Each Type (2019-2029)
Table Regional Market Share in Terms of Sales (2019-2029)
Figure Regional Market Share in Terms of Sales (2019 - 2023)
Table Regional Market Share in Terms of Revenue (2019-2029)
Figure Regional Market Share in Terms of Revenue (2019 - 2023)
Figure Regional Market Share in Terms of Consumption (2019 - 2023)
Figure Regional Market Share in Terms of Consumption (2019 - 2023)
Table Global Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure Global Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Global Battery Storage Inverter Sales Market Share (%) by Type (2019 -2023)
Table Global Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure Global Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Global Battery Storage Inverter Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2019-2023)
Figure North America Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure North America Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure North America Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure North America Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Asia Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure Asia Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Asia Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure Asia Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Europe Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure Europe Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Europe Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure Europe Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure South America Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure South America Battery Storage Inverter Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure South America Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2029)
Figure South America Battery Storage Inverter Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Table Historical & Forecast Battery Storage Inverter Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Different Application Field Consumption Market Share (%) (2019-2023)
Table Historical & Forecast Battery Storage Inverter Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure North America Battery Storage Inverter Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure North America Battery Storage Inverter Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2029)
Table Historical & Forecast Battery Storage Inverter Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure Asia Battery Storage Inverter Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Asia Battery Storage Inverter Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2029)
Table Historical & Forecast Battery Storage Inverter Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure Europe Battery Storage Inverter Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Europe Battery Storage Inverter Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2029)
Table Historical & Forecast Battery Storage Inverter Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Storage Inverter Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure Middle East & Africa Battery Storage Inverter Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2029)
Table Historical & Forecast Battery Storage Inverter Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure South America Battery Storage Inverter Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2029)
Figure South America Battery Storage Inverter Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2029)
Table Historical & Forecast Battery Storage Inverter Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Table US Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Canada Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Mexico Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table China Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Japan Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table India Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Korea Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Southeast Asia Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Germany Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table UK Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table France Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Russia Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Italy Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Saudi Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table UAE Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Egypt Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Nigeria Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table South Africa Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Brazil Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Argentina Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Colombia Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2029) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2019-2029)
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in China
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in EU
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in USA
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in Japan
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in India
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in Southeast Asia
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Battery Storage Inverter in South America
Figure Value Chain Structure of Battery Storage Inverter
Table Value Chain
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Material/Components
Table Key Downstream Customer in Each Application Field
Table Industry News List of Battery Storage Inverter
Figure Cost Structure of Battery Storage Inverter in 2023
Table Distributors/Traders List
Table Dynapower
Profiles
Table Dynapower
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure Dynapower
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure Dynapower
SWOT Analysis
Table SMA
Profiles
Table SMA
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure SMA
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure SMA
SWOT Analysis
Table KACO
Profiles
Table KACO
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure KACO
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure KACO
SWOT Analysis
Table Parker
Profiles
Table Parker
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure Parker
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure Parker
SWOT Analysis
Table ABB
Profiles
Table ABB
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure ABB
Medical Devices & Consumables Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ABB
SWOT Analysis
Table GOODWE
Profiles
Table GOODWE
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure GOODWE
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure GOODWE
SWOT Analysis
Table Eaton
Profiles
Table Eaton
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure Eaton
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure Eaton
SWOT Analysis
Table SUNGROW
Profiles
Table SUNGROW
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure SUNGROW
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure SUNGROW
SWOT Analysis
Table CLOU
Profiles
Table CLOU
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure CLOU
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure CLOU
SWOT Analysis
Table TRIED
Profiles
Table TRIED
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure TRIED
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure TRIED
SWOT Analysis
Table Zhicheng Champion
Profiles
Table Zhicheng Champion
Battery Storage Inverter Product Introduction
Figure Zhicheng Champion
Battery Storage Inverter Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure Zhicheng Champion
SWOT Analysis
The research methodology employed by VICResearch has been subjected by numerous procedures in order to guarantee the quality and accuracy of the data contained within the reports. The analysts are employed full-time and received more than six months training to satisfy the standard of VICResearch. VICResearch’s methodology can be divided into five stages:
Stage 1: Secondary research
The research team first works with magazines, industry trade group, and administration that operate in the research field. The information provided by our in-house documentation service helps us carrying out further research. Our team which has the experience as well as the knowledge efficiently extracts the accurate information from existing source.
Stage 2: Primary research: interviews with trade sources
After the first stage, the research team conducts large number of face-to-face or telephone interviews with the representative companies operating in the research field. The analysts attempt to obtain a chance to talk with leading players in the field as well as with small companies. The upstream suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, importers, installers, wholesalers and consumers are all included in the interviews. The data gathered during the interview is then carefully checked and compared with the secondary research.
Stage 3: Analysis of the gathered data
The analysis team checks and synthesizes the data gathered during the first two stages. To validate the data, a second series of interviews can be conducted.
Stage 4: Quantitative data
The quantitative data such as market estimates, production and capacity of manufacturer, market forecasts and investment feasibility is provided by VICResearch. The data is based on the estimates obtained during stage 3.
The research team also provides appreciation and analysis of the market and the quantitative data contained in the reports. The data is consequently unique to VICResearch.
Stage 5: Quality control
Before publishing, every report goes under a rigorous checking and editing process, which is done by experience management team to ensure the reliability of the published data. Each analyst in the research team receives support and on-going training which is part of the VICResearch’s internal quality process.