Summary
The global and Chinese economies were hit hard in 2020, and the global GDP grew by XX% in 2021. Although the global growth prospects improved and there was a V-shaped rebound, this does not mean that the economy has really recovered to the level before the epidemic. The vast majority of countries are still in the stage of recovery after heavy damage and are far from achieving real recovery.
2023 is a year of continuous recovery. Global supply chain disturbance, geopolitical tension, energy price fluctuation, local labor shortage and rising raw material prices will affect the resilience of economic recovery. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts that the world economy will grow by XX% in 2023, of which the U.S. economy will grow by about XX%. Driven by China and India, Asia is expected to become the fastest growing region in the world in 2023. However, China's economic growth has slowed down. The 2023 government work report shows that the expected target of economic growth is set at about XX%.
According to research, China has set a growth rate of about XX%, which not only focuses on the speed of economic growth, but also anchors the quality of economic development. Scientific and technological innovation, economic and social digitization and green development will be the long-term goals of China's economic development. It is expected that in 2023, major economies such as the United States, Europe and China will introduce more favorable policies to drive the development of switching power supply industry.
VIC Research released the 《Global Scan Pens Market Analysis 2023, With Top Companies, Sales, Revenue, Consumption, Price and Growth Rate》, which aims to sort out the development status and trends of the Scan Pens industry at home and abroad, estimate the overall market scale of the Scan Pens industry and the market share of major countries, Scan Pens industry, and study and judge the downstream market demand of Scan Pens through systematic research, Analyze the competition pattern of Scan Pens, so as to help solve the pain points of various stakeholders in Scan Pens industry. This industry research report combines desktop research, qualitative interviews with insiders or experts and other methods to strive for the objectivity and integrity of conclusions and data.
Regional Segmentation (Value; Revenue, USD Million, 2019-2028) of Scan Pens Market by VIC Research Include
NorthAmerica
Asia
Europe
Middle East & Africa
South America
Competitive Analysis; Who are the Major Players in Scan Pens Market?
Wizcomtech
PenPower Technology
TaoTronics
HSN
TopScan LLC
Hanvon
SVP
C-Pen Reader
IRISPen
Brother
Viaton
Hongen
Koridy
Newsmy
Major Type of Scan Pens Covered in VIC Research report:
Offline Scanning Pen
Online Scanning Pen
Application Segments Covered in VIC Research Market
Language Translation
Document Scanning
Other
For any other requirements, please feel free to contact us and we will provide you customized report.
Table of Contents
Global Scan Pens Market Analysis 2023, With Top Companies, Sales, Revenue, Consumption, Price and Growth Rate
1 Market Scope
1.1 Product Details and Introduction
1.1.1 Offline Scanning Pen -Product Introduction and Major Company
1.1.2 Online Scanning Pen -Product Introduction and Major Company
1.2 Market Snapshot
1.2.1 Major Companies Overview
1.2.2 Market Concentration
1.2.3 Five-Year Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
2 Regional Market
2.1 Regional Market Share in Terms of Sales (2019 & 2023 & 2026)
2.2 Regional Market Share in Terms of Revenue (2019 & 2023 & 2026)
2.3 Regional Market Share in Terms of Consumption (2019 & 2023 & 2026)
3 Global Scan Pens Market Assessment by Type
3.1 Global Scan Pens Sales by Type (2019-2028)
3.2 Global Scan Pens Revenue by Type (2019-2028)
3.3 North America Scan Pens Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2028)
3.4 Asia Scan Pens Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2028)
3.5 Europe Scan Pens Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2028)
3.6 Middle East & Africa Scan Pens Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2028)
3.7 South America Scan Pens Sales and Revenue by Type (2019-2028)
4 Historical & Forecast Global Scan Pens Market Assessment by Application
4.1 Global Scan Pens Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2028)
4.2 North America Scan Pens Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2028)
4.3 Asia Scan Pens Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2028)
4.4 Europe Scan Pens Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2028)
4.5 Middle East & Africa Scan Pens Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2028)
4.6 South America Scan Pens Consumption and Consumption in Different Application Field (2019-2028)
5 North America
5.1 US Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
5.2 Canada Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
5.3 Mexico Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
6 Asia
6.1 China Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
6.2 Japan Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
6.3 India Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
6.4 Korea Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
6.5 Southeat Asia Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
7 Europe
7.1 Germany Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
7.2 UK Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
7.3 France Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
7.4 Russia Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
7.5 Italy Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
8 Middle East and Africa
8.1 Saudi Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
8.2 UAE Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
8.3 Egypt Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
8.4 Nigeria Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
8.5 South Africa Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
9 South America
9.1 Brazil Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
9.2 Argentina Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
9.3 Colombia Scan Pens Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
10 Global Scan Pens Average Price Trend
10.1 Market Price for Each Type of Scan Pens in North America (2019-2028)
10.2 Market Price for Each Type of Scan Pens in Asia (2019-2028)
10.3 Market Price for Each Type of Scan Pens in Europe (2019-2028)
10.4 Market Price for Each Type of Scan Pens in Middle East & Africa (2019-2028)
10.5 Market Price for Each Type of Scan Pens in South America (2019-2028)
11 Value Chain
11.1 Scan Pens Value Chain Analysis
11.1.1 Upstream
11.1.2 Downstream
11.2 COVID-19 Impact on Scan Pens Industry
11.2.1 Industrial Policy Issued Under the Epidemic Situation
11.2.2 Post-pandemic Era
11.3 Cost-Under the Epidemic Situation
11.3.1 Cost of Raw Material
11.4 Channel Analysis
11.4.1 Distribution Channel-Under the Epidemic Situation
11.4.2 Distributors
12 Major Players of Global Scan Pens Market, Competitive Analysis
12.1 Wizcomtech
12.1.1 Wizcomtech Company Profiles and Company News
12.1.2 Wizcomtech Product Introduction
12.1.3 Wizcomtech Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.1.4 SWOT Analysis
12.2 PenPower Technology
12.2.1 PenPower Technology Company Profiles and Company News
12.2.2 PenPower Technology Product Introduction
12.2.3 PenPower Technology Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.2.4 SWOT Analysis
12.3 TaoTronics
12.3.1 TaoTronics Company Profiles and Company News
12.3.2 TaoTronics Product Introduction
12.3.3 TaoTronics Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.3.4 SWOT Analysis
12.4 HSN
12.4.1 HSN Company Profiles and Company News
12.4.2 HSN Product Introduction
12.4.3 HSN Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.4.4 SWOT Analysis
12.5 IRISPen
12.5.1 TopScan LLC Company Profiles and Company News
12.5.2 TopScan LLC Product Introduction
12.5.3 TopScan LLC Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.5.4 SWOT Analysis
12.6 Hanvon
12.6.1 Hanvon Company Profiles and Company News
12.6.2 Hanvon Product Introduction
12.6.3 Hanvon Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.6.4 SWOT Analysis
12.7 SVP
12.7.1 SVP Company Profiles and Company News
12.7.2 SVP Product Introduction
12.7.3 SVP Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.7.4 SWOT Analysis
12.8 C-Pen Reader
12.8.1 C-Pen Reader Company Profiles and Company News
12.8.2 C-Pen Reader Product Introduction
12.8.3 C-Pen Reader Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.8.4 SWOT Analysis
12.9 IRISPen
12.9.1 IRISPen Company Profiles and Company News
12.9.2 IRISPen Product Introduction
12.9.3 IRISPen Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.9.4 SWOT Analysis
12.10 Brother
12.10.1 Brother Company Profiles and Company News
12.10.2 Brother Product Introduction
12.10.3 Brother Scan Pens Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
12.10.4 SWOT Analysis
12.11 Viaton
12.12 Hongen
12.13 Koridy
12.14 Newsmy
13 Global Scan Pens Market, Competitive Landscape and Market Forecast
13.1 Key Companies Dominating the Global Scan Pens Market
13.2 Concentration Ratio (CR5) of Global Scan Pens Market (2019)
13.2.1 Market Share of Top 5 Players in Term of Revenue (2019)
13.3 Concentration Ratio (CR5) of Global Scan Pens Market (2023)
13.3.1 Market Share of Top 5 Players in Term of Revenue (2023)
14 Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Product Introduction
Table Sales (K Units) and Revenue (Million USD) of Major Players (2019-2023)
Figure Global Scan Pens Sales Market Share of Top 5 Players
Table CAGR of Major Market (2021-2026)
Table CAGR in Terms of Sales of Each Type (2019-2028)
Table Regional Market Share in Terms of Sales (2019-2026)
Figure Regional Market Share in Terms of Sales (2019 - 2020)
Table Regional Market Share in Terms of Revenue (2019-2026)
Figure Regional Market Share in Terms of Revenue (2019 - 2020)
Figure Regional Market Share in Terms of Consumption (2019 - 2020)
Figure Regional Market Share in Terms of Consumption (2019 - 2020)
Table Global Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure Global Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Global Scan Pens Sales Market Share (%) by Type (2019 -2020)
Table Global Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure Global Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Global Scan Pens Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2019-2020)
Figure North America Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure North America Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure North America Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure North America Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Asia Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure Asia Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Asia Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure Asia Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Europe Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure Europe Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Europe Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure Europe Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Middle East & Africa Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure Middle East & Africa Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Middle East & Africa Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure Middle East & Africa Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure South America Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure South America Scan Pens Sales (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure South America Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2019-2028)
Figure South America Scan Pens Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Table Historical & Forecast Scan Pens Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Different Application Field Consumption Market Share (%) (2019-2020)
Table Historical & Forecast Scan Pens Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure North America Scan Pens Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure North America Scan Pens Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2028)
Table Historical & Forecast Scan Pens Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure Asia Scan Pens Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Asia Scan Pens Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2028)
Table Historical & Forecast Scan Pens Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure Europe Scan Pens Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Europe Scan Pens Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2028)
Table Historical & Forecast Scan Pens Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure Middle East & Africa Scan Pens Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure Middle East & Africa Scan Pens Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2028)
Table Historical & Forecast Scan Pens Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Figure South America Scan Pens Consumption (K Unit) and Growth Rate (2019-2028)
Figure South America Scan Pens Consumption Market Share (%) by Application (2019-2028)
Table Historical & Forecast Scan Pens Different Application Field Consumption (K Unit)
Table US Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Canada Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Mexico Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table China Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Japan Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table India Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Korea Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Southeast Asia Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Germany Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table UK Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table France Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Russia Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Italy Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Saudi Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table UAE Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Egypt Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Nigeria Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table South Africa Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Brazil Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Argentina Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Colombia Scan Pens Capacity (K Units), Sales (K Units) and Consumption (K Units) (2019-2028) and Proportion of Products Sold
Figure Proportion of Products Sold (%) (2015 -2026)
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Scan Pens in China
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Scan Pens in EU
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Scan Pens in USA
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Scan Pens in Japan
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Scan Pens in India
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Scan Pens in Southeast Asia
Table Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of Scan Pens in South America
Figure Value Chain Structure of Scan Pens
Table Value Chain
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Material/Components
Table Key Downstream Customer in Each Application Field
Table Industry News List of Scan Pens
Figure Cost Structure of Scan Pens in 2020
Table Distributors/Traders List
Table Wizcomtech Profiles
Table Wizcomtech Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure Wizcomtech Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure Wizcomtech SWOT Analysis
Table ????PenPower Technology Profiles
Table ????PenPower Technology Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????PenPower Technology Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????PenPower Technology SWOT Analysis
Table ????TaoTronics Profiles
Table ????TaoTronics Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????TaoTronics Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????TaoTronics SWOT Analysis
Table ????HSN Profiles
Table ????HSN Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????HSN Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????HSN SWOT Analysis
Table ????TopScan LLC Profiles
Table ????TopScan LLC Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????TopScan LLC Electronics & Semiconductor Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????TopScan LLC SWOT Analysis
Table ????Hanvon Profiles
Table ????Hanvon Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????Hanvon Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????Hanvon SWOT Analysis
Table ????SVP Profiles
Table ????SVP Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????SVP Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????SVP SWOT Analysis
Table ????C-Pen Reader Profiles
Table ????C-Pen Reader Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????C-Pen Reader Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????C-Pen Reader SWOT Analysis
Table ????IRISPen Profiles
Table ????IRISPen Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????IRISPen Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????IRISPen SWOT Analysis
Table ????Brother Profiles
Table ????Brother Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????Brother Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????Brother SWOT Analysis
Table ????Viaton Profiles
Table ????Viaton Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????Viaton Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????Viaton SWOT Analysis
Table ????Hongen Profiles
Table ????Hongen Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????Hongen Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????Hongen SWOT Analysis
Table ????Koridy Profiles
Table ????Koridy Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????Koridy Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????Koridy SWOT Analysis
Table ????Newsmy Profiles
Table ????Newsmy Scan Pens Product Introduction
Figure ????Newsmy Scan Pens Capacity (Unit), Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Figure ????Newsmy SWOT Analysis
The research methodology employed by VICResearch has been subjected by numerous procedures in order to guarantee the quality and accuracy of the data contained within the reports. The analysts are employed full-time and received more than six months training to satisfy the standard of VICResearch. VICResearch’s methodology can be divided into five stages:
Stage 1: Secondary research
The research team first works with magazines, industry trade group, and administration that operate in the research field. The information provided by our in-house documentation service helps us carrying out further research. Our team which has the experience as well as the knowledge efficiently extracts the accurate information from existing source.
Stage 2: Primary research: interviews with trade sources
After the first stage, the research team conducts large number of face-to-face or telephone interviews with the representative companies operating in the research field. The analysts attempt to obtain a chance to talk with leading players in the field as well as with small companies. The upstream suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, importers, installers, wholesalers and consumers are all included in the interviews. The data gathered during the interview is then carefully checked and compared with the secondary research.
Stage 3: Analysis of the gathered data
The analysis team checks and synthesizes the data gathered during the first two stages. To validate the data, a second series of interviews can be conducted.
Stage 4: Quantitative data
The quantitative data such as market estimates, production and capacity of manufacturer, market forecasts and investment feasibility is provided by VICResearch. The data is based on the estimates obtained during stage 3.
The research team also provides appreciation and analysis of the market and the quantitative data contained in the reports. The data is consequently unique to VICResearch.
Stage 5: Quality control
Before publishing, every report goes under a rigorous checking and editing process, which is done by experience management team to ensure the reliability of the published data. Each analyst in the research team receives support and on-going training which is part of the VICResearch’s internal quality process.
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