Summary
The global and Chinese economies were hit hard in 2020, and the global GDP grew by XX% in 2021. Although the global growth prospects improved and there was a V-shaped rebound, this does not mean that the economy has really recovered to the level before the epidemic. The vast majority of countries are still in the stage of recovery after heavy damage and are far from achieving real recovery.
2023 is a year of continuous recovery. Global supply chain disturbance, geopolitical tension, energy price fluctuation, local labor shortage and rising raw material prices will affect the resilience of economic recovery. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts that the world economy will grow by XX% in 2023, of which the U.S. economy will grow by about XX%. Driven by China and India, Asia is expected to become the fastest growing region in the world in 2023. However, China's economic growth has slowed down. The 2023 government work report shows that the expected target of economic growth is set at about XX%.
According to research, China has set a growth rate of about XX%, which not only focuses on the speed of economic growth, but also anchors the quality of economic development. Scientific and technological innovation, economic and social digitization and green development will be the long-term goals of China's economic development. It is expected that in 2023, major economies such as the United States, Europe and China will introduce more favorable policies to drive the development of switching power supply industry.
VIC Research released the 《Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market Segment Research Report 2023》, which aims to sort out the development status and trends of the VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) industry at home and abroad, estimate the overall market scale of the VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) industry and the market share of major countries, VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) industry, and study and judge the downstream market demand of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) through systematic research, Analyze the competition pattern of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives), so as to help solve the pain points of various stakeholders in VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) industry. This industry research report combines desktop research, qualitative interviews with insiders or experts and other methods to strive for the objectivity and integrity of conclusions and data.
Regional Segmentation (Value; Revenue, USD Million, 2019-2028) of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market by VIC Research Include
USA
Europe
China
Japan
India
Korea
Southeast Asia
Competitive Analysis; Who are the Major Players in VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market?
ABB
Siemens
Schneider Electric
Emerson Electric
Yaskawa Electric
Mitsubishi
Hitach
Danfoss
Toshiba
Fuji Electric
Rockwell Automation
Inovance
Hiconics
INVT
Slanvert
EURA Drives
Major Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Covered in VIC Research report:
Low Voltage (0-690V)
Medium Voltage (690V-3000V)
High Voltage (3 kV-10 kV)
Application Segments Covered in VIC Research Market
Pumps
Fans
Compressors
Conveyors
Elevators
Extruders
Others
For any other requirements, please feel free to contact us and we will provide you customized report.
Table of Contents
Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market Segment Research Report 2023
1. Research Scope
2. Market Overview
2.1 Product Introduction, Application, Picture
2.2 Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market by Value
2.2.1 Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Revenue by Type
2.2.2 Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market by Value
2.3 Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market by Sales
2.3.1 Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales by Type
2.3.2 Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market by Sales
3. The Major Driver of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Industry
3.1 Historical & Forecast Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales and Revenue (2019-2028)
3.2 Largest Application for VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) (2019-2028)
3.3 The Major Downstream Company in China Market 2023
4. Global and Regional VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market
4.1 Regional Market Size in Terms of Sales (2023 & 2028)
4.2 Regional Market Share in Terms of Revenue (2023 & 2028)
4.3 Concentration Ratio (CR5& CR10) of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Market
4.4 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
5. US VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
5.1 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
5.2 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
5.3 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
5.4 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
6. Europe VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
6.1 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
6.2 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
6.3 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
6.4 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
7. China VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
7.1 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
7.2 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
7.3 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
7.4 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
8. Japan VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
8.1 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
8.2 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
8.3 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
8.4 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
9. India VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
9.1 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
9.2 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
9.3 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
9.4 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
10. Korea VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
10.1 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
10.2 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
10.3 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
10.4 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
11. Southeast Asia VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
11.1 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
11.2 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
11.3 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
11.4 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
12. South America VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
12.1 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
12.2 Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
12.3 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
12.4 Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
13. Global VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Average Price Trend
13.1 Market Price for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in US (2019-2023)
13.2 Market Price for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in Europe (2019-2023)
13.3 Market Price for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in China (2019-2023)
13.4 Market Price for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in Japan (2019-2023)
13.5 Market Price for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in India (2019-2023)
13.6 Market Price for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in Korea (2019-2023)
13.7 Market Price for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in Southeast Asia (2019-2023)
13.8 Market Price for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in South America (2019-2023)
14. Industrial Chain (Impact of COVID-19)
14.1 VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Industrial Chain Analysis
14.2 Downstream
14.3 Impact of COVID-19
14.4 Post-pandemic Era
14.5 Technology Trends of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives)
15. VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Competitive Landscape
15.1 ABB
15.1.1 ABB Company Profiles
15.1.2 ABB Product Introduction
15.1.3 ABB VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.1.4 Strategic initiatives
15.2 Siemens
15.2.1 Siemens Company Profiles
15.2.2 Siemens Product Introduction
15.2.3 Siemens VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.2.4 Strategic initiatives
15.3 Schneider Electric
15.3.1 Schneider Electric Company Profiles
15.3.2 Schneider Electric Product Introduction
15.3.3 Schneider Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.3.4 Strategic initiatives
15.4 Emerson Electric
15.4.1 Emerson Electric Company Profiles
15.4.2 Emerson Electric Product Introduction
15.4.3 Emerson Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.4.4 Strategic initiatives
15.5 Yaskawa Electric
15.5.1 Yaskawa Electric Company Profiles
15.5.2 Yaskawa Electric Product Introduction
15.5.3 Yaskawa Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.5.4 Strategic initiatives
15.6 Mitsubishi
15.6.1 Mitsubishi Company Profiles
15.6.2 Mitsubishi Product Introduction
15.6.3 Mitsubishi VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.6.4 Strategic initiatives
15.7 Hitach
15.7.1 Hitach Company Profiles
15.7.2 Hitach Product Introduction
15.7.3 Hitach VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.7.4 Strategic initiatives
15.8 Danfoss
15.8.1 Danfoss Company Profiles
15.8.2 Danfoss Product Introduction
15.8.3 Danfoss VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.8.4 Strategic initiatives
15.9 Toshiba
15.9.1 Toshiba Company Profiles
15.9.2 Toshiba Product Introduction
15.9.3 Toshiba VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.9.4 Strategic initiatives
15.10 Fuji Electric
15.10.1 Fuji Electric Company Profiles
15.10.2 Fuji Electric Product Introduction
15.10.3 Fuji Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, Revenue (2019-2023)
15.10.4 Strategic initiatives
15.11 Rockwell Automation
15.12 Inovance
15.13 Hiconics
15.14 INVT
15.15 Slanvert
15.16 EURA Drives
16. Conclusion
17. Methodology and Data Source
List of Tables and Figures
Figure 1. Total Sales by Application of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Industry (Volume)
Figure 2. VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales by Regions in 2023
Figure 3. Regional Market Share in Terms of Revenue (2023&2028)
Figure 4. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Revenue in 2023
Figure 5. US VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
Figure 6. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 7. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 8. Sales Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 9. Revenue Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 10. Revenue Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 11. Europe VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
Figure 12. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 13. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 14. Sales Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 15. Revenue Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 16. Revenue Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 17. China VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
Figure 18. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 19. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 20. Sales Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 21. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type
Figure 22. Revenue Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 23. Revenue Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 24. Japan VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
Figure 25. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 26. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 27. Sales Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 28. Revenue Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 29. Revenue Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 30. India VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
Figure 31. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 32. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 33. Sales Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 34. Revenue Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 35. Revenue Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 36. Korea VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
Figure 37. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 38. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 39. Sales Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 40. Revenue Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 41. Revenue Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 42. Southeast Asia VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (2019-2028)
Figure 43. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Figure 44. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 45. Sales Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 46. Revenue Breakdown by Type (%)
Figure 47. Revenue Breakdown by Application (%)
Figure 48. Industrial Chain
Table 1. Top Manufacturers and Market Segmentation
Table 2. Product Introduction, Application, Picture
Table 3. VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Revenue, by Type (Million USD) (2019-2028)
Table 4. VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales, by Type (K Unit) (2019-2028)
Table 5. VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (K Unit) by Application (2019-2028)
Table 6. VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Million USD) by Application (2019-2028)
Table 7. The Major Downstream Company in China
Table 8. Regional Market Share in Terms of Sales (2023)
Table 9. Regional Market Share in Terms of Revenue (2023&2028)
Table 10. Ranking of Global Top VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Companies by Revenue, Concentration Ratio in 2023
Table 11. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 12. US VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (K Unit), Market Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2028)
Table 13. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 14. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 15. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
Table 16. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type
Table 17. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application
Table 18. Europe VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (K Unit), Market Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2028)
Table 19. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 20. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 21. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
Table 22. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type
Table 23. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application
Table 24. China VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (K Unit), Market Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2028)
Table 25. Table Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type
Table 26. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type
Table 27. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application
Table 28. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application
Table 29. Japan VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (K Unit), Market Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2028)
Table 30. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 31. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 32. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
Table 33. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type
Table 34. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application
Table 35. India VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (K Unit), Market Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2028)
Table 36. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 37. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 38. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
Table 39. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type
Table 40. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application
Table 41. Korea VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (K Unit), Market Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2028)
Table 42. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 43. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 44. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
Table 45. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type
Table 46. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application
Table 47. Southeast Asia VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (K Unit), Market Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2028)
Table 48. Table Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Type (2019-2028)
Table 49. Current and Estimated Sales Breakdown by Application (2019-2028)
Table 50. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Type
Table 51. Current and Estimated Revenue Breakdown by Application
Table 52. Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in US (2019-2023)
Table 53. Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in Europe (2019-2023)
Table 54. Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in China (2019-2023)
Table 55. Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in Japan (2019-2023)
Table 56. Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in India (2019-2023)
Table 57. Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in Korea (2019-2023)
Table 58. Market Price (USD/Unit) for Each Type of VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) in Southeast Asia (2019-2023)
Table 59. Key Downstream Customer in Each Application Field
Table 60. ABB Profiles
Table 61. ABB VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 62. ABB VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 63. ABB Strategic initiatives
Table 64. Siemens Profiles
Table 65. Siemens VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 66. Siemens VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 67. Siemens Strategic initiatives
Table 68. Schneider Electric Profiles
Table 69. Schneider Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 70. Schneider Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 71. Schneider Electric Strategic initiatives
Table 72. Emerson Electric Profiles
Table 73. Emerson Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 74. Emerson Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 75. Emerson Electric Strategic initiatives
Table 76. Yaskawa Electric Profiles
Table 77. Yaskawa Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 78. Yaskawa Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 79. Yaskawa Electric Strategic initiatives
Table 80. Mitsubishi Profiles
Table 81. Mitsubishi VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 82. Mitsubishi VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 83. Mitsubishi Strategic initiatives
Table 84. Hitach Profiles
Table 85. Hitach VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 86. Hitach VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 87. Hitach Strategic initiatives
Table 88. Danfoss Profiles
Table 89. Danfoss VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 90. Danfoss VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 91. Danfoss Strategic initiatives
Table 92. Toshiba Profiles
Table 93. Toshiba VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 94. Toshiba VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 95. Toshiba Strategic initiatives
Table 97. Fuji Electric Profiles
Table 98. Fuji Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 99. Fuji Electric VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 100. Fuji Electric Strategic initiatives
Table 101. Rockwell Automation Profiles
Table 102. Rockwell Automation VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 103. Rockwell Automation VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 104. Rockwell Automation Strategic initiatives
Table 105. Inovance Profiles
Table 106. Inovance VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 107. Inovance VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 108. Inovance Strategic initiatives
Table 109. Hiconics Profiles
Table 110. Hiconics VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 111. Hiconics VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 112. Hiconics Strategic initiatives
Table 113. INVT Profiles
Table 114. INVT VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 115. INVT VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 116. INVT Strategic initiatives
Table 117. Slanvert Profiles
Table 118. Slanvert VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 119. Slanvert VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 120. Slanvert Strategic initiatives
Table 121. EURA Drives Profiles
Table 122. EURA Drives VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Product Introduction
Table 123. EURA Drives VFD (Variable Frequency Drives) Sales (Unit), Revenue (Million USD) (2019-2023)
Table 124. EURA Drives Strategic initiatives
The research methodology employed by VICResearch has been subjected by numerous procedures in order to guarantee the quality and accuracy of the data contained within the reports. The analysts are employed full-time and received more than six months training to satisfy the standard of VICResearch. VICResearch’s methodology can be divided into five stages:
Stage 1: Secondary research
The research team first works with magazines, industry trade group, and administration that operate in the research field. The information provided by our in-house documentation service helps us carrying out further research. Our team which has the experience as well as the knowledge efficiently extracts the accurate information from existing source.
Stage 2: Primary research: interviews with trade sources
After the first stage, the research team conducts large number of face-to-face or telephone interviews with the representative companies operating in the research field. The analysts attempt to obtain a chance to talk with leading players in the field as well as with small companies. The upstream suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, importers, installers, wholesalers and consumers are all included in the interviews. The data gathered during the interview is then carefully checked and compared with the secondary research.
Stage 3: Analysis of the gathered data
The analysis team checks and synthesizes the data gathered during the first two stages. To validate the data, a second series of interviews can be conducted.
Stage 4: Quantitative data
The quantitative data such as market estimates, production and capacity of manufacturer, market forecasts and investment feasibility is provided by VICResearch. The data is based on the estimates obtained during stage 3.
The research team also provides appreciation and analysis of the market and the quantitative data contained in the reports. The data is consequently unique to VICResearch.
Stage 5: Quality control
Before publishing, every report goes under a rigorous checking and editing process, which is done by experience management team to ensure the reliability of the published data. Each analyst in the research team receives support and on-going training which is part of the VICResearch’s internal quality process.
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